习近平在2018年上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十八次会议上的讲话（摘编）

编者按：2018年6月10日，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十八次会议在青岛国际会议中心举行。这是上海合作组织扩员后召开的首次峰会，国际社会高度关注。中国国家主席习近平主持会议并发表重要讲话。习近平的讲话，总结了上海合作组织17年的发展成就，总结了当前世界大变革中存在的积极发展趋势，提出了破解时代难题的发展观、安全观、合作观、文明观、全球治理观等"五观"，提出了构建上海合作组织命运共同体五大建议。具体讲话内容如下：

上合组织17年发展成就

再过5天，上海合作组织将迎来17岁生日。抚今追昔，本组织走过了不平凡的发展历程，取得了重大成就。

17年来，我们以《上海合作组织宪章》、《上海合作组织成员国长期睦邻友好合作条约》为遵循，构建起不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的建设性伙伴关系。这是国际关系理论和实践的重大创新，开创了区域合作新模式，为地区和平与发展作出了新贡献。

今天，上海合作组织是世界上幅员最广、人口最多的综合性区域合作组织，成员国的经济和人口总量分别约占全球的20%和40%。上海合作组织拥有4个观察员国、6个对话伙伴，并同联合国等国际和地区组织建立了广泛的合作关系，国际影响力不断提升，已经成为促进世界和平与发展、维护国际公平正义不可忽视的重要力量。

上海合作组织始终保持旺盛生命力、强劲合作动力，根本原因在于它创造性地提出并始终践行"上海精神"，主张互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发展。这超越了文明冲突、冷战思维、零和博弈等陈旧观念，掀开了国际关系史崭新的一页，得到国际社会日益广泛的认同。

当前世界大变革中存在的积极发展趋势

面对世界大发展大变革大调整的新形势，为更好推进人类文明进步事业，我们必须登高望远，正确认识和把握世界大势和时代潮流。

尽管当今世界霸权主义和强权政治依然存在，但推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理方向发展的呼声不容忽视，国际关系民主化已成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。

尽管各种传统和非传统安全威胁不断涌现，但捍卫和平的力量终将战胜破坏和平的势力，安全稳定是人心所向。

尽管单边主义、贸易保护主义、逆全球化思潮不断有新的表现，但"地球村"的世界决定了各国日益利益交融、命运与共，合作共赢是大势所趋。

尽管文明冲突、文明优越等论调不时沉渣泛起，但文明多样性是人类进步的不竭动力，不同文明交流互鉴是各国人民共同愿望。

破解时代难题的"五观"

当前，世界发展既充满希望，也面临挑战，我们的未来无比光明，但前方的道路不会平坦。我们要进一步弘扬"上海精神"，破解时代难题，化解风险挑战。

——我们要提倡创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展观，实现各国经济社会协同进步，解决发展不平衡带来的问题，缩小发展差距，促进共同繁荣。

——我们要践行共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，摒弃冷战思维、集团对抗，反对以牺牲别国安全换取自身绝对安全的做法，实现普遍安全。

——我们要秉持开放、融通、互利、共赢的合作观，拒绝自私自利、短视封闭的狭隘政策，维护世界贸易组织规则，支持多边贸易体制，构建开放型世界经济。

——我们要树立平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，以文明交流超越文明隔阂，以文明互鉴超越文明冲突，以文明共存超越文明优越。

——我们要坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，不断改革完善全球治理体系，推动各国携手建设人类命运共同体。

构建上海合作组织命运共同体的五大建议

"上海精神"是我们共同的财富，上海合作组织是我们共同的家园。我们要继续在"上海精神"指引下，同舟共济，精诚合作，齐心协力构建上海合作组织命运共同体，推动建设新型国际关系，携手迈向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。为此，我愿提出以下建议。

第一，凝聚团结互信的强大力量。我们要全面落实青岛宣言、长期睦邻友好合作条约实施纲要等文件，尊重各自选择的发展道路，兼顾彼此核心利益和重大关切，通过换位思考增进相互理解，通过求同存异促进和睦团结，不断增强组织的凝聚力和向心力。

第二，筑牢和平安全的共同基础。我们要积极落实打击"三股势力"2019至2021年合作纲要，继续举行"和平使命"等联合反恐演习，强化防务安全、执法安全、信息安全合作。要发挥"上海合作组织－阿富汗联络组"作用，促进阿富汗和平重建进程。未来3年，中方愿利用中国－上海合作组织国际司法交流合作培训基地等平台，为各方培训2000名执法人员，强化执法能力建设。

第三，打造共同发展繁荣的强劲引擎。我们要促进发展战略对接，本着共商共建共享原则，推进"一带一路"建设，加快地区贸易便利化进程，加紧落实国际道路运输便利化协定等合作文件。中国欢迎各方积极参与今年11月将在上海举办的首届中国国际进口博览会。中国政府支持在青岛建设中国－上海合作组织地方经贸合作示范区，还将设立"中国－上海合作组织法律服务委员会"，为经贸合作提供法律支持。

我宣布，中方将在上海合作组织银行联合体框架内设立300亿元人民币等值专项贷款。

第四，拉紧人文交流合作的共同纽带。我们要积极落实成员国环保合作构想等文件，继续办好青年交流营等品牌项目，扎实推进教育、科技、文化、旅游、卫生、减灾、媒体等各领域合作。未来3年，中方将为各成员国提供3000个人力资源开发培训名额，增强民众对上海合作组织大家庭的了解和认同。中方愿利用风云二号气象卫星为各方提供气象服务。

第五，共同拓展国际合作的伙伴网络。我们要强化同观察员国、对话伙伴等地区国家交流合作，密切同联合国等国际和地区组织的伙伴关系，同国际货币基金组织、世界银行等国际金融机构开展对话，为推动化解热点问题、完善全球治理作出贡献。

编后语：习近平主席的讲话，就上合组织成立17年来的发展历程和有益经验进行了全面总结，并为上合组织今后的发展作出了系统规划，明确了总体方向。

习近平的全篇讲话突出了"上海精神"。"上海精神"是上合组织的灵魂和共同财富，必须加以坚持和弘扬。在"上海精神"指引下同舟共济，精诚合作，推动上合组织这一新型综合性组织成为区域合作的典范。

习近平对当前国际发展积极有利因素的总结，对成员国凝聚合力具有"拨云见日"的效果。

习主席提出的发展观、安全观、合作观、文明观和全球治理观，这五大观概括总结了建设新型国际关系的基本理念，为"上海精神"增添了新的时代内涵，赋予了上合组织新的历史使命。特别是习近平主席提出的共商共建共享的全球治理观，为完善全球治理贡献了上合智慧。这五大观融合了中国十八大以来的发展理念，为上合组织未来发展提供了"蓝图"。

习主席呼吁各方齐心协力构建上合组织命运共同体，推动建设新型国际关系，携手迈向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。经各方协商一致，"确立人类命运共同体的共同理念"被写入青岛宣言，成为上合组织8国最重要的政治共识和努力目标。这将有利于深化上合组织成员国之间的互利合作，为上合组织的发展注入不竭动力，也将促进本地区乃至世界的共同发展与繁荣。

Remarks by President Xi Jinping at the 18th Meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States of SCO—Edited Excerpt

Editor's Note: The 18th Meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was held at Qingdao International Convention Center on June 10, 2018. It was the first summit held after the SCO admitted new members, something which has attracted high attention from the international community. Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech. President Xi summarized the achievements made over the 17 years since the SCO was established and the positive trends amid the major transformation of the current world. The president also put forward five principles relating to development, security, cooperation, civilization and global governance to surmount difficulties of the current era and five proposals to build an SCO community with a shared future. An edited excerpt follows:

Achievements of SCO over 17 years 

The SCO will celebrate its 17th birthday in five days, an occasion for us to review the organization's remarkable journey and important achievements.

Over the past 17 years, guided by the SCO Charter and the Treaty on Long-Term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation Between the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, we have forged a constructive partnership featuring non-alliance, non-confrontation and not targeting of any third party. In doing so, we have achieved a major breakthrough in the theories and practices of international relations, created a new model for regional cooperation, and made a new contribution to peace and development in our region.

Today, the SCO stands as a comprehensive regional cooperation organization that covers the largest area and population in the world. Its members account for about 20 percent of the global economy and 40 percent of its population. The SCO has four observer states and six dialogue partners as well as extensive cooperation linkages with UN and other international and regional organizations. With its ever rising international influence, the SCO has become an important force for promoting global peace and development, and in upholding international justice and fairness.

The SCO enjoys strong vitality and has a great momentum of cooperation. This, in the final analysis, is attributed to the Shanghai Spirit, a creative vision initiated and followed through by the SCO that champions mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diversity of civilizations and pursuit of common development. The Shanghai Spirit, transcending outdated concepts such as clash of civilizations and Cold War and zero-sum mentality, has opened a new page in the history of international relations and gained increasing endorsement of the international community.

Positive trends amid major global changes 

We must aim high and look far, keeping pace with the underlying global and temporal trends to push for more progress of human civilization at a time when the world is undergoing major developments, transformation and adjustment.

While hegemony and power politics still persist in this world, the growing call for a more just and equitable international order has to be heeded. Democracy in international relations has become an unstoppable trend for our times.

While various traditional and non-traditional security threats continue to emerge, the force for peace will prevail, for security and stability are what people long for.

While unilateralism, trade protectionism and the backlash against globalization are taking new forms, in this global village of ours where countries' interests and future are so interconnected, the pursuit of cooperation for mutual benefit represents a surging, unstoppable trend.

While we keep hearing such rhetoric about the clash of civilizations or the superiority of one civilization over another, it is the diversity of civilizations that sustains human progress. Indeed, mutual learning between different cultures is a shared aspiration of all peoples.

Five concepts for surmounting difficulties head on 

The world today faces both opportunities and challenges. The road ahead, bumpy as it may be, will lead to a promising future. We should stay committed to the Shanghai Spirit, surmount difficulties, defuse risks and meet any challenges head on.

— We should uphold innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development, achieve coordinated social and economic progress for various countries and resolve issues caused by unbalanced development. We should bridge the gap in development and promote shared prosperity.

— We should pursue common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. We should reject the Cold War mentality，resist confrontation between blocs and oppose the practices of seeking absolute security for oneself at the expense of others, so as to achieve security of all.

— We should promote open and inclusive cooperation for win-win outcomes. We should reject self-centered, short-sighted and closed-door policies. We should uphold WTO rules and support the multilateral trading system so as to build an open world economy.

— We should champion equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness between civilizations. It is important that we overcome cultural misunderstanding, clashing ideologies and the attempt to create supremacy, mitigating these through exchanges, mutual learning and coexistence.

— We should follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in engaging in global governance. We should reform and improve the global governance system, and work with all other countries to build a community with a shared future for humanity.

Five purposals for building an SCO community with a shared future 

The Shanghai Spirit is our shared asset, and the SCO is our shared home. We should, guided by the Shanghai Spirit, work closely to build an SCO community with a shared future, move toward a new type of international relations, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. To this end, I would like to propose the following:

First, we need to build up strength of unity and mutual trust. We should ensure full implementation of the Qingdao Declaration, the Outline for the Implementation of the Treaty on Long-Term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation, and other documents. We should respect each other's choice of development paths and accommodate each other's core interests and major concerns. We should enhance mutual understanding by putting ourselves in others' positions and boost harmony and unity by seeking common ground and setting aside differences. This will enhance the cohesion and appeal of our organization.

Second, we need to strengthen the foundation for shared peace and security. We need to actively implement the 2019-21 program of cooperation for combating "three evil forces" of terrorism, separatism and extremism, continue to conduct the "Peace Mission" and other joint counter-terrorism exercises, and enhance cooperation on defense security, law enforcement security and information security. We need to give full play to the role of the SCO-Afghanistan Contact Group to facilitate peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan. China offers to train 2,000 law enforcement officers for all parties in the next three years through the China National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation and other platforms to enhance law enforcement capacity building.

Third, we need to build a powerful engine to achieve common development and prosperity. We should increase complementarity of our respective development strategies, continue to advance the Belt and Road cooperation under the principle of delivering shared benefits through extensive consultation and joint contribution, accelerate regional trade facilitation, and step up the implementation of the Agreement on International Road Transport Facilitation and other cooperation documents. China will welcome all parties to the first China International Import Expo to be held in Shanghai in November this year. The Chinese Government supports building a demonstration area in Qingdao for China-SCO local economic and trade cooperation, and will set up a committee of legal services for SCO member states to provide legal support for business cooperation.

In this connection, I hereby announce that China will set up an 30 billion ($4.33 billion) equivalent special lending facility within the framework of the SCO Inter-bank Consortium.

Fourth, we need to forge closer ties through cultural and people-to-people exchanges. We should actively implement the outline for environmental protection cooperation and other documents, ensure the continued success of such well-recognized programs as the youth exchange camp, and secure solid progress in cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, tourism, health, disaster relief and media. In the next three years, China will provide 3,000 training opportunities of human resources development for SCO member states to enhance public understanding of and support for the SCO family. China offers to provide meteorological services to all parties using its Fengyun-2 weather satellites.

Fifth, we need to expand the partnership networks of international cooperation. By intensifying exchanges and cooperation with SCO observer states, dialogue partners, and other countries in our region, by enhancing partnerships with the United Nations and other international and regional organizations, and by engaging in dialogue with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international financial institutions, we can contribute our share to resolving hotspot issues and improving global governance.

Editor's note: President Xi Jinping's speech draws a comprehensive picture and summary of the remarkable journey and beneficial experience of the 17 years' development of the SCO, and notes a systematic planning and general trend for the SCO's future development. 

The Shanghai Spirit is emphasized in Xi's speech. It is the soul and shared asset of the SCO, which should be upheld and carried forward. Guided by the Shanghai Spirit, the SCO will be developed into a new type comprehensive regional cooperation organization, a good model for regional cooperation. 

The conclusion Xi makes about the advantageous factors for international development will be beneficial for the cohesion among member states. 

Concepts about development, security, cooperation, civilization and global governance, provided by Xi, conclude the basic ideas for new type international relation building, extend the new era connotation of Shanghai Spirit, and give the SCO new historic missions. Especially, the concept about global governance concerning working with all other countries and sharing future for humanity, contributes the SCO wisdom to the improvement of global governance. These five concepts intergrate China's development vision after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and provide a blueprint for the future development of the SCO. 

President Xi appeals all parties to build an SCO community with a shared future, move toward a new type of international relations, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. Based on the consensus reached by eight member states, "building a community with a shared future for humanity" has been included into the Qingdao Declaration, and becomes the most important political consensus in the SCO. It will deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, inject continuous power into the process of development, and promote the common development and prosperity not only among member parties but also in the whole world.