中英对照：把中国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能

把中国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能

Better Transforming China’s Institutional Advantages into Effective National Governance 

—十九届四中全会《决定》学习思考

(Elucidating the “Decision” adopted at the fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee)

[编者按]十九届四中全会是在新中国成立70周年之际，在“两个一百年”奋斗目标历史交汇点上，召开的一次具有开创性、里程碑意义的重要会议，为我们继续坚定不移地坚持和发展中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系树立了信心，也为人类探索建设更好社会制度贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。为切实增强学习贯彻十九届四中全会精神的政治自觉和思想自觉，努力掌握习近平总书记全会重要讲话和全会《决定》的丰富内涵和核心要义，中国翻译研究院特邀请中共中央党校科学社会主义教研部副教授徐浩然进行学习解读，并纳入中国翻译研究院重点翻译项目统筹工作机制进行编译，供业界及相关人士参考。

中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第四次全体会议（简称：十九届四中全会）于2019年10月28日至31日在北京召开。全会由中央政治局主持，中央委员会总书记习近平作了重要讲话。会议审议通过了《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》。《决定》反映了对国家制度和治理能力的系统性思考，是新时代坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的纲领性文件。

中国特色社会主义制度是党和人民在长期实践探索中形成的科学制度体系，中国国家治理一切工作和活动都依照中国特色社会主义制度展开，中国国家治理体系和治理能力是中国特色社会主义制度及其执行能力的集中体现。

The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing from October 28 to 31, 2019. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, made an important speech at the session, which was presided over by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The session reviewed and adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving the System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Advancing the Modernization of China’s National Governance System and Capacity.” Reflecting a systematic thinking on the national governance system and capacity, the decision is a programmatic document for upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of China’s national governance system and capacity in the new era. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a scientific system developed by the CPC and the Chinese people through prolonged practices and explorations. All the work and activities of China’s national governance are carried out in accordance with the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and China’s national governance system and capacity are the embodiment of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and its enforcement capability.

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总体目标是：到中国共产党成立一百年时，在各方面制度更加成熟更加定型上取得明显成效；到二〇三五年，各方面制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化；到新中国成立一百年时，全面实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，使中国特色社会主义制度更加巩固、优越性充分展现。

The overall objectives of upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of China’s national governance system and capacity are: Accomplishing remarkable achievements in making institutions in all fields more mature and more well-established by CPC’s centenary mark; Better refining institutions in all fields and achieving the modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance by 2035; and fully realizing the modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance, further consolidating the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, while substantially demonstrating its advantages by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China.

中国共产党自成立以来，团结带领人民，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，赢得了中国革命胜利，并深刻总结国内外正反两方面经验，不断探索实践、改革创新，建立和完善社会主义制度，形成和发展党的领导和经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明、军事、外事等各方面制度，加强和完善国家治理，取得历史性成就。这充分说明中国国家制度和国家治理体系具有多方面的显著优势，主要体现在：

Since its establishment, the CPC has united and led the Chinese people, insisted on combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s practical realities, and achieved victory in the Chinese revolution. It also thoroughly took in both positive and negative lessons of governance from China’s and the world’s histories, and kept exploring new practices, reforming, and innovating. By establishing and improving the socialist system, the CPC has formed and developed institutions in all fields, including the Party’s leadership, the economy, political affairs, culture, social development, ecological civilization, national defense, and foreign affairs. In terms of strengthening and improving China’s national governance, the CPC has made historic achievements that fully demonstrate notable strengths of China’s state and governance systems in many aspects, as clearly shown in the following ways:

坚持党的集中统一领导，坚持党的科学理论，保持政治稳定，确保国家始终沿着社会主义方向前进的显著优势；坚持人民当家作主，发展人民民主，密切联系群众，紧紧依靠人民推动国家发展的显著优势；坚持全面依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，切实保障社会公平正义和人民权利的显著优势；坚持全国一盘棋，调动各方面积极性，集中力量办大事的显著优势；坚持各民族一律平等，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，实现共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的显著优势；坚持公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展和按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，把社会主义制度和市场经济有机结合起来，不断解放和发展社会生产力的显著优势；坚持共同的理想信念、价值理念、道德观念，弘扬中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化，促进全体人民在思想上精神上紧紧团结在一起的显著优势；坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断保障和改善民生、增进人民福祉，走共同富裕道路的显著优势；坚持改革创新、与时俱进，善于自我完善、自我发展，使社会充满生机活力的显著优势；坚持德才兼备、选贤任能，聚天下英才而用之，培养造就更多更优秀人才的显著优势；坚持党指挥枪，确保人民军队绝对忠诚于党和人民，有力保障国家主权、安全、发展利益的显著优势；坚持“一国两制”，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，促进祖国和平统一的显著优势；坚持独立自主和对外开放相统一，积极参与全球治理，为构建人类命运共同体不断作出贡献的显著优势。

Upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC, following the CPC’s scientific theories, maintaining political stability, and ensuring that the country keeps advancing in the direction of socialism; Ensuring that the people run the country, promoting democracy, maintaining close ties with the people, and relying on them to push forward the country’s development; Ensuring law-based governance in all ways, building a country of socialist rule of law, and guaranteeing social fairness and justice as well as people’s rights; Ensuring that the whole country works together, and stimulating enthusiasm in all aspects of the society to mobilize resources for major undertakings; Upholding equality between all ethnic groups, creating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation to work together to achieve common prosperity and development; Upholding the dominant role of the public sector and common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership, safeguarding a distribution system whereby distribution according to labor is dominant and a variety of other modes of distribution exist alongside it, fostering synergy between the socialist system and the market economy, and continuously unlocking and developing productive forces; Upholding common ideals and convictions, values, and moral standards, promoting China’s fine traditional culture, revolutionary culture, as well as advanced socialist culture, and inspiring the people to embrace shared ideologies and mindsets; Adhering to the vision of making development centered around the people, and continuously guaranteeing and improving the people’s livelihood and improving their wellbeing to achieve common prosperity for everyone; Continuing reform and innovation, moving with the times, and promoting self-improvement and development to build a society full of vitality; Selecting officials based on integrity, ability, and merit regardless of background in order to cultivate more talented individuals; Keeping the armed forces under the Party’s command and ensuring that the people’s armed forces are completely loyal to the Party and the people so as to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests; Upholding the principle of “one country, two systems,” maintaining lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao, and promoting the peaceful reunification of China; Adhering to the unity between being independent and self-reliant and opening up to the rest of the world, taking an active role in global governance, and continuing to contribute toward the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

十九届四中全会将中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的显著优势概括为“十三个坚持”，这是坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信的基本依据，是强化中国国家制度和治理体系的执行能力，是把中国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能，从而实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的有力保证。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的强大生命力和巨大优越性主要表现为五个基本特性。

The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee summed up the notable strengths of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance system as “adhering to 13 principles,” which is the fundamental basis for fostering stronger confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is the enforcement capability of strengthening China’s state and governance systems, as well as a strong guarantee for better transforming China’s institutional advantages into the nation’s government effectiveness, achieving the national strategic goal of the “two centenaries,” and realizing the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. The strong vitality and great superiority of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the national governance system are mainly manifested in the five basic characteristics listed below.

一是坚定的战略导向性。实现现代化、实现共产主义远大理想是一代又一代中国共产党人接续奋斗的目标。为了实现这一目标，中国特色社会主义制度在发展完善过程中，始终坚持党的集中统一领导，坚持党的科学理论，保持政治稳定，确保国家始终沿着社会主义方向前进。中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导。中国特色现代国家治理体系是由经济、政治、社会等各领域子系统构成的复杂大系统，这一体系运转的轴心就是中国共产党。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，完成伟大事业必须靠党的领导。中国共产党能不能打仗，新中国的成立已经说明了；中国共产党人能不能搞建设搞发展，改革开放的推进也已经说明了；中国共产党人能不能在日益复杂的国际国内环境下坚持住党的领导、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，还需要一代又一代共产党人继续作出回答。

I. Unwavering strategic direction. Achieving modernization and the high ideal of communism is the ultimate goal of the Chinese communists, generation after generation. In order to reach this target, the Chinese people have been persistently upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC in developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Throughout this process, they have followed the CPC’s scientific theories, maintained political stability, and ensured that the country keeps advancing in the direction of socialism. The defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC, and the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC. The modern national governance with Chinese characteristics is a complex system, composed of economic, political, societal, and other sub-systems, with the CPC as its axis. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, it must depend on the leadership of the CPC for advancing and completing the great cause. The founding of New China made it clear that the CPC can win a war, and its successful reform and opening up proved that the Chinese communists can carry out economic construction and social development. Now, facing increasingly complicated international and domestic environments, the next generations of Chinese communists must show whether they can uphold the Party’s leadership, while adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.

二是系统的领域层次性。作为科学制度体系，中国特色社会主义制度涵盖经济、政治、文化、社会、生态、军事和外事等多个领域，层次清楚、特色鲜明。在经济方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展和按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，把社会主义制度和市场经济有机结合起来，不断解放和发展社会生产力。在政治方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持人民当家作主，发展人民民主，密切联系群众，紧紧依靠人民推动国家发展；坚持全面依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，切实保障社会公平正义和人民权利；坚持各民族一律平等，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，实现共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展；坚持“一国两制”，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，促进祖国和平统一。在文化方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持共同的理想信念、价值理念、道德观念，弘扬中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化，促进全体人民在思想上精神上紧紧团结在一起。在社会方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断保障和改善民生、增进人民福祉，走共同富裕道路。在外事和军事方面，中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持独立自主和对外开放相统一，积极参与全球治理，为构建人类命运共同体不断作出贡献；确保人民军队忠诚于党和人民，有力保障国家主权、安全、发展利益。面对复杂多变的治国理政新形势，中国特色社会主义科学制度体系还通过实行最严格的生态环境保护制度，全面建立资源高效利用制度，健全生态保护和修复制度以及严明生态环境保护责任制度等，不断提升系统完备性、拓展系统的领域层次。

II. Completeness and extensiveness. As a scientific system, socialism with Chinese characteristics covers many fields, including the economy, politics, culture, society, ecology, military, and foreign affairs. On the economic front, China’s state and governance systems uphold the dominant role of the public sector and common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership, safeguard a distribution system whereby distribution according to labor is dominant and a variety of other modes of distribution exist alongside it, foster synergy between the socialist system and the market economy, and continuously unlock and develop productive forces. In the political aspect, China’s state and governance systems adhere to the principle that the people run the country, promote democracy, maintain close ties with the people, and closely rely on them to power the country’s development; the systems ensure law-based governance in all fields, persist in building a country of socialist rule of law, and guarantee social fairness and justice and the people’s rights; they uphold equality between all ethnic groups, persist in forging a solid sense of community for the Chinese nation to work jointly for common prosperity and development; the systems also uphold the principle of “one country, two systems,” persist in maintaining lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao, and promote the peaceful reunification of China. In terms of culture, China’s state and governance systems uphold common ideals and convictions, values, and moral standards, persist in promoting China’s fine traditional culture, revolutionary culture, as well as advanced socialist culture, and inspire the people to embrace shared ideologies and mindsets. On the social front, China’s state and governance systems adhere to the vision of making development centered around its people, and persist in continuously guaranteeing and improving people’s livelihoods and their wellbeing to achieve common prosperity for everyone. In terms of foreign and military affairs, China’s state and governance systems adhere to the unity between being independent and self-reliant and opening up to the rest of the world, persist in taking an active role in global governance, and continuously contribute toward the building of a community with a shared future for mankind; the systems also ensure that the people’s armed forces are completely loyal to the Party and the people so as to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. Facing the complex and fast-changing new situation of governing the country, the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has also enabled efficient utilization of resources in an all-round way, improved ecological protection and restoration, and enforced a system of accountability for ecological and environmental protection by implementing the strictest mechanisms, while constantly enhancing the system’s completeness and expanding its extensiveness and coverage.

三是整体的交互协同性。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系，结合经济、政治、文化、社会等各领域工作，实际构建起一整套相互衔接的根本制度、基本制度和重要制度，制度体系内各个部分不是彼此孤立的，而是交互连通的，具有高度的协同性。正如邓小平指出：“社会主义同资本主义相比较，它的优越性就在于能够做到全国一盘棋，集中力量，保证重点。”中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系能够集中力量办大事的优势不断凸显，首先是因为中国共产党的领导核心作用，这使得做决定有了一个权威，避免分散主义。习近平指出：“党的历史、新中国的发展历史表明，要治理好我们这个大党、治理好我们这个大国，保证党的团结和集中统一至关重要，维护好党中央权威至关重要。党中央有权威，党就有力量。如果党中央没有权威，党的理论和路线方针政策可以随意不执行，党就会变成一盘散沙，就会成为自行其是的’私人俱乐部’，党的领导就会成为一句空话。”其次，在完善国家制度和国家治理体系的过程中，中国共产党始终坚持民主集中制，将党的集中统一领导与人民的积极性、主动性结合起来。在充分发扬民主的基础上进行集中，汇聚全党智慧、体现全党意志，是中国共产党的一大创举。这样做，既有利于做到科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，避免发生重大失误甚至颠覆性错误；又有利于克服分散主义、本位主义，避免议而不决、决而不行，形成推进党和国家事业发展的强大合力。

III. Comprehensive interconnectivity and synergy. By combining all fields of work including the economy, political affairs, culture, social development, the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance system have established a set of fundamental, basic, and important systems that are each connected with all the others. The various parts of the system are not isolated from one another but all interconnected with a high degree of synergy. As Deng Xiaoping pointed out, “Compared with capitalism, the advantage of socialism lies in the fact that the whole country can work together to concentrate strength on priority tasks,” and the advantage of mobilizing resources for major undertakings has become more prominent. First of all, it is because of the core leadership role played by the CPC, which can ensure decision-making authority and avoid decentralism. As Xi Jinping pointed out, “The history of the CPC and the history of the development of the New China have shown that it is of extreme importance to ensure the unification and centralization of the Party and to safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee in order to govern the Party and the nation. When the CPC Central Committee has authority, the Party has power. When the CPC Central Committee does not have authority, or when the Party’s theories, paths, principles, and policies are not implemented resolutely, the Party will become a pile of scattered sand and a ‘private club’ that acts in the teeth of all advice, and the leadership of the Party would become empty talk.” Secondly, in the process of improving China’s state and governance systems, the CPC has persevered in democratic centralism and combined the Party’s centralized and unified leadership with the enthusiasm and initiative of the people. It is one of the many pioneering undertakings for the CPC to centralize on the basis of fully promoting democracy, to pull together all the wisdom and embody the will of the whole Party. In doing so, it is not only conducive to scientific, democratic, and law-based decision-making while avoiding major or even subversive mistakes, it is also conducive to overcoming decentralism and departmentalism, averting discussion without decision and decision without action, forming a powerful joint force for the development cause of the Party and the state.

四是发展的自变适应性。坚持改革创新、与时俱进，善于自我完善、自我发展，使社会充满生机活力是中国国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的形成并不是一蹴而就的，而是根据内外部环境变化、不断发展完善自身的过程。在这一过程中，由于有实事求是的思想路线作为正确引导，有民主集中制作为体制保证，中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系成功实现了内外部物质与信息的交流互动，实现了自身的新陈代谢，革除了旧的、不适应环境变化的体制机制，建立起新的体制机制，使中国国家制度和国家治理体系更加具有活力，充满动力，同时也使马克思主义理论不断丰富发展。中国特色社会主义事业作为前无古人的开创性事业，前进道路不可能一帆风顺。事业越发展、改革越深入，新情况新问题就会越多，面临的风险和挑战就会越多，面对的不可预料的事情就会越多。因此，必须坚持马克思主义的发展观点，发挥历史的主动性和创造性，锐意进取、大胆探索，不断有所发现、有所创造、有所前进。推进全面深化改革，既要保持中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的稳定性和延续性，又要抓紧制定完善国家治理体系和治理能力现代化急需的制度、满足人民对美好生活新期待的制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度不断自我完善和发展、永葆生机活力。

IV. Adaptability in the process of development. Persisting in reform and innovation, keeping pace with the times, being good at self-improvement and self-development, and making the society full of vitality are the remarkable advantages of China’s state and governance systems. The formation of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance system is not achieved overnight, but through a process of continuous development and improvement in line with the changes of the internal and external environment. In this process, with seeking truth from facts as the ideological guidance and democratic centralism as the institutional guarantee, the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance system have successfully achieved the exchange and interaction of internal and external resources and information, made necessary adaptations by eliminating outdated institutional mechanisms that do not respond to changing circumstances and establishing new institutional mechanisms. This adaptability not only makes China’s state and governance systems more dynamic and vitalized, but also enriches and develops the theory of Marxism. Blazing the trail in the cause of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics would not be a smooth undertaking. With more development and deeper reform, more unknown situations and problems will arise, along with more risks, challenges, and unforeseeable predicaments. Therefore, the CPC must adhere to the Marxist viewpoint of development, give full play to the initiative and creativity of history, forge ahead, explore boldly, and constantly make discoveries, innovations, and advances. To deepen reform in an all-around way, the Party should not only maintain stability and continuity of the systems of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance, it also needs to speed up the process of formulating and improving institutions that are urgently needed for the modernization of the nation’s governance system and capacity, and meet the people’s new expectations for better lives. By doing so, it will promote the continuous self-perfection and development of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and always maintain its vigor and vitality.

五是广泛的开放包容性。制度的实质，即在于塑造人类社会关系的、稳定的秩序结构，促进人口以及各资源要素在不同层次之间的流动。中国国家制度和国家治理体系坚持德才兼备、选贤任能，聚天下英才而用之，培养造就更多更优秀人才；坚持独立自主和对外开放相统一，积极参与全球治理，为构建人类命运共同体不断作出贡献。今天，经济全球化大潮滚滚向前，新科技革命和产业变革深入发展，全球治理体系深刻重塑，国际格局加速演变，和平发展大势不可逆转。人类交往的世界性比过去任何时候都更深入、更广泛，各国相互联系和彼此依存比过去任何时候都更频繁、更紧密，和平、发展、合作、共赢已成为时代潮流。马克思、恩格斯指出：“各民族的原始封闭状态由于日益完善的生产方式、交往以及因交往而自然形成的不同民族之间的分工消灭得越是彻底，历史也就越是成为世界历史。”历史和现实日益证明这个预言的科学价值。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系是马克思主义和中国改革开放相结合的产物，在其发展完善的过程中，开放包容性始终是其显著特性。中共十八大以来，中国人民始终不渝走和平发展道路，推进“一带一路”国际合作，推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，积极参与引领全球治理体系改革和建设。中国特色社会主义制度的开放包容性使其在形成并不断发展完善的过程中能够充分吸收、借鉴人类文明和中国古代文明的发展成果，吸取、反思国外推进治理现代化和国际共产主义运动的经验教训。因此，中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系的形成发展过程并非是在因循守旧下安之若素，而是在承纳衍化中推陈出新。

V. Broad openness and inclusiveness. Institutions essentially exist to shape a stable order and structure for human social relations, and facilitate the movement of people, resources and other elements in society across its various strata. China’s state and governance systems stress appointing officials based on both moral integrity and professional ability, and on the basis of merit regardless of background, to cultivate more talented individuals. Adhering to the unity of being independent and opening up to the outside world, the CPC has actively participated in global governance and continuously contributed to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Today, against the backdrop of economic globalization, a new round of technological and industrial revolution is unfolding, the system of global governance is being profoundly reshaped, and the international landscape is evolving at a faster pace. However, peace and development remain the irreversible trend of our times. Human exchanges are more profound and extensive than ever before, while countries are more frequently and closely connected and interdependent than at any time in the past. Peace, development, cooperation and win-win situation have become the trend of the times. Marx and Engels pointed out that the more the original isolation of the separate nationalities is destroyed by the developed mode of production and intercourse and the division of labor between various nations naturally brought forth by these, the more history becomes world history. History and current reality have attested to the scientific value of this inference. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance system are the product of the combination of Marxism and China’s reform and opening up. The open and inclusive nature has remained their prominent feature over the course of development and improvement. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Chinese people have unwaveringly followed the path of peace and development, promoted international cooperation along the Belt and Road, created a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation. The Chinese people and the CPC have also actively participated in leading the reform and construction of the global governance system. Due to its open and inclusive nature, the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics can absorb and draw on the development achievements of human civilization and ancient Chinese civilization, it can also learn from the lessons of foreign countries during their process of promoting the modernization of governance as well as from the international communist movement. Therefore, the formation and development of the systems of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s national governance do not stay unchanged. They constantly keep evolving.

坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，是中国共产党的一项重大战略任务。十九届四中全会鲜明提出“十三个坚持和完善”，为顺利实现这一任务提供了科学指南。具体包括：坚持和完善党的领导制度体系，提高党科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平；坚持和完善人民当家作主制度体系，发展社会主义民主政治；坚持和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，提高党依法治国、依法执政能力；坚持和完善中国特色社会主义行政体制，构建职责明确、依法行政的政府治理体系；坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，推动经济高质量发展；坚持和完善繁荣发展社会主义先进文化的制度，巩固全体人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础；坚持和完善统筹城乡的民生保障制度，满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要；坚持和完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，保持社会稳定、维护国家安全；坚持和完善生态文明制度体系，促进人与自然和谐共生；坚持和完善党对人民军队的绝对领导制度，确保人民军队忠实履行新时代使命任务；坚持和完善“一国两制”制度体系，推进祖国和平统一；坚持和完善独立自主的和平外交政策，推动构建人类命运共同体；坚持和完善党和国家监督体系，强化对权力运行的制约和监督。

Upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics while advancing the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance is an important strategic task for the CPC. Ergo, the fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee has explicitly put forward “upholding and improving in 13 aspects” in order to provide scientific guidance for reaching the target. The 13 aspects include: 1. Upholding and improving the system of institutions for Party leadership and improving the Party's capacity to practice scientific, democratic, and law-based governance; 2. Upholding and improving the system of institutions, through which the people run the country, and developing socialist democracy; 3. Upholding and improving the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and improving the Party's capacity for law-based governance and law-based exercising of state power; 4. Upholding and improving the government administration system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and building a law-based government administration with well-defined functions and duties; 5. Upholding and improving China's basic socialist economic system and promoting the high-quality development of the economy; 6. Upholding and improving the system to make advanced socialist culture prosperous and developed in order to consolidate the common ideological foundation upon which all people are united and working together; 7. Upholding and improving the livelihood system for protecting both urban and rural residents and working to meet people's ever-increasing needs for a better life; 8. Upholding and improving the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and common interests, as well as maintaining social stability and defending national security; 9. Upholding and improving the system for developing an ecological civilization, and promoting the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature; 10. Upholding and improving the Party's absolute leadership over the armed forces and ensuring that they will faithfully fulfill their missions in the new era; 11. Upholding and improving the system of “one country, two systems” and advancing the process toward the peaceful reunification of China; 12. Upholding and improving the independent foreign policy of peace, and working to build a community with a shared future for humanity; 13. Upholding and improving the Party and state oversight systems, and strengthening control and oversight over the exercise of power.

加强中国共产党对坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的领导，是中国国家制度和治理体系得以巩固和不断完善发展的强有力政治保障。只有在党中央统一领导下科学谋划、精心组织，远近结合、整体推进，十九届四中全会所确定的各项目标任务才能全面落实到位。各级党委和政府以及各级领导干部需要切实强化制度意识，带头维护制度权威，做制度执行的表率，带动全党全社会自觉尊崇制度、严格执行制度、坚决维护制度。加强制度理论研究和宣传教育，引导全党全社会充分认识中国特色社会主义制度的本质特征和优越性，坚定制度自信。推动广大干部严格按照制度履行职责、行使权力、开展工作，提高推进“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局等各项工作能力和水平。

In the process of upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance, strengthening the leadership of the CPC is a strong political guarantee for the consolidation and continuous improvement and development of China's state and governance systems. Only by scientific planning, meticulous organization, the combination of long-term and short-term policies, and pushing ahead on all fronts under the unified leadership of the CPC central committee, can all the goals and tasks set by the fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee be fully implemented and accomplished. Party committees, governments, and leading officials at all levels should conscientiously strengthen their awareness of the system, take the lead in safeguarding the authority of the system, set an example in implementing the system for the whole Party and the society, and lead the whole Party and the society to consciously submit to institutions, strictly enforce the rules of institutions, and resolutely safeguard institutions. The Party should strengthen theoretical research and education of the institutions, guide the whole Party and the society to fully understand the intrinsic properties and advantages of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and remain highly confident in the institutions. The CPC should push all Party members to strictly act in line with institutions to fulfill duties, exercise power, and conduct work, and endeavor relentlessly to enhance the capacities and standards of the implementation of the “Five-pronged Overall Plan” and the “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy”.